Biology CLEP Prep Practice Exam

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What is the difference between procaryotes and eucaryotes?

Eucaryotes are multicellular and procaryotes are unicellular.
Eucaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus and procaryotes do not.
Eucaryotes have a cell wall and procaryotes do not.
Eucaryotes have a photosynthetic organelle and procaryotes do not.

The correct answer is: Eucaryotes have a membrane-bound nucleus and procaryotes do not.

The key difference between procaryotes and eucaryotes is the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus. Procaryotes, such as bacteria, do not have a distinct nucleus and their genetic material floats freely in their cytoplasm. Eucaryotes, on the other hand, have a membrane-bound nucleus that contains their genetic material. This allows for more complex genetic processes to occur in eucaryotes. The other options are incorrect because while some eucaryotes may be multicellular (option A), have a cell wall (option C), or have a photosynthetic organelle (option D), these characteristics are not exclusive to eucaryotes and can also be found in certain types of procaryotes. Therefore, the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus is the most distinguishing difference between these two types of organisms.