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What is apoptosis?

  1. A form of cancer

  2. A process of programmed cell death

  3. A type of DNA repair

  4. A process of cell specialization

The correct answer is: A process of programmed cell death

Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death, also known as "cell suicide". It is a natural and controlled process that occurs in multicellular organisms to remove old, damaged, or unnecessary cells. Option A (a form of cancer) is incorrect as apoptosis is actually a protective mechanism against cancer development. Option C (a type of DNA repair) is incorrect as apoptosis involves the degradation and removal of the entire cell, rather than simply repairing damaged DNA. Option D (a process of cell specialization) is incorrect as apoptosis does not involve cell differentiation, but rather the elimination of cells that are no longer needed.